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Eight-ball (often spelled 8-ball or eightball, and generally known as solids and stripes, spots and stripes within the UK[1] or, additional seldom, bigs and littles or highs and lows) may be a pool (pocket billiards) game widespread in a lot of of the planet, and therefore the subject of international skilled and amateur competition. vie on a game equipment with six pockets, the sport is thus universally well-known in some countries that beginners area unit usually unaware of alternative pool games and believe the word "pool" itself refers to eight-ball. the sport has varied variations, as well as Alabama eight-ball, crazy eight, last pocket, misery, Missouri, one and fifteen within the sides, rotation pool ball, soft eight, and others. normal eight-ball is that the second best skilled pool game, once nine-ball and for the last many decades previous straight pool.

Eight-ball is vie with a pool cue for every player and sixteen balls: a billiard ball, and fifteen object balls consisting of seven stripy balls, seven solid-colored balls and therefore the black eight ball. once the balls area unit scattered with a possibility shot, the players area unit appointed either the cluster of solid balls or the stripes once a ball from a selected cluster is wrongfully pocketed. the last word object of the sport is to wrongfully pocket the pool ball during a known as pocket, which may solely be done finally of the balls from a player's appointed cluster are cleared from the table

The game of eight-ball springs from associate earlier game fictitious around 1900 (first recorded in 1908) within the us and ab initio popularized underneath the name "B.B.C. Co. Pool" (a name that was still in use as late as 1925) by the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company. This forerunner game was vie with seven yellow and 7 red balls, a black ball, and therefore the billiard ball. Today, numbered stripes and solids area unit most well-liked in most of the planet, tho' the British-style issue, blackball, uses the standard colours (as did early televised "casino" tournaments within the U.S.). the sport had comparatively straightforward rules compared to these days and wasn't additional (under any name) to a politician accumulation (i.e., one printed by a national or international sport governing body) till 1940.[2]:24, 89–90[3][4][5]

Standardized Rules of Play[edit]

American-style eight-ball rules area unit vie round the world by professionals, and in several amateur leagues. all the same, the foundations for eight-ball is also the foremost contested  of any table game game. There area unit many competitory sets of "official" rules. The non-profit World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA) – with national affiliates round the world, a number of that long pre-date the WPA, like the table game Congress of America (BCA) – promulgates standardized rules as Pool table game – the foundations of Play[6] for amateur and skilled play. Meanwhile, several amateur leagues, like the yank Poolplayers Association (APA) / Canadian Poolplayers Association (CPA), and therefore the vale National Eight-ball Association (VNEA, international in scope despite its historic name), use their own rulesets (most of them a minimum of loosely supported the WPA/BCA version), whereas variant people play informally victimization conversational rules that vary not solely from space to space however even from venue to venue.

A outline of the international rules follows (see the WPA/BCA or alternative leagues' printed rules, that conflict on minor points, for additional details).

Equipment[edit]

The table's enjoying surface is about nine by four.5 feet (2.7 by 1.4 m) (regulation size), tho' some leagues and tournaments victimization the planet Standardized Rules could permit smaller sizes, right down to seven by three.5 feet (2.1 by 1.1 m), and early-20th-century ten by five feet (3.0 by 1.5 m) models area unit generally conjointly used.

There area unit seven solid-colored balls numbered one through seven, seven stripy balls numbered nine through fifteen, an 8 ball, and a billiard ball. The balls area unit sometimes coloured as follows:

1 and 9: yellow

2 and 10: blue

3 and 11: red

4 and 12: purple (TV: pink)1

5 and 13: orange

6 and 14: inexperienced

7 and 15: brown (TV: tan)1

8 - black

Cue - white

1Special sets designed to be additional simply discernible on tv substitute a rather lightweight tan shade for the unremarkably darker brown of the seven and fifteen balls, and pink for the dark purple of the four and 12; these alternative-color sets area unit currently conjointly offered to customers.

Setup[edit]

To start the sport, the item balls area unit placed during a triangular rack. the bottom of the rack is parallel to finish|the top|the tip} rail (the short end of the pool table) and positioned that the apex ball of the rack is found on the foot spot. The balls within the rack area unit ideally placed so they're dead contact with one another; this is often accomplished by pressing the balls along from the rear of the rack toward the apex ball. The order of the balls ought to be random, with the exceptions of the eight ball, that should be placed within the center of the rack (i.e., the center of the third row), and therefore the 2 back corner balls one amongst that should be a stripe and therefore the alternative a solid. The billiard ball is placed anyplace the breaker needs within the "kitchen".

Break[edit]

One person is chosen (by a planned methodology, e.g., coin flip, win or loss of previous game, or lag) to shoot 1st, employing a pool cue to interrupt the object-ball rack apart. If the shooter United Nations agency breaks fails to form a legal break (usually outlined as a minimum of four balls hit cushions or associate billiard ball being pocketed), then the opponent will need a re-rack and become the breaker, or elect to play from this position of the balls.

Long-exposure photograph of a possibility in eight-ball

According to World Standardized Rules, if the eight ball is pocketed on the break while not fouling, the breaker could fire a re-rack and break once more, or have the eight ball noticed and continue shooting with the balls as they like. If the breaker scratches (pockets the cue ball) whereas pocketing the eight ball on the break, the incoming player could need a re-rack and break, or have the eight ball noticed and start shooting with ball-in-hand behind the pinnacle string, with the balls as they lie. (For regional amateur variations, like pocketing the eight on the break being a second win or loss, see "Informal rule variations", below.)

Turns[edit]

A player (or team) can still shoot till committing a foul, or failing to wrongfully pocket associate billiard ball on a non-foul shot (whether designedly or not). therewith it's the flip of the opposing player(s). Play alternates during this manner for the rest of the sport. Following a foul, the incoming player has ball-in-hand anyplace on the table, unless the foul occurred on the break shot, as noted antecedently.[6]

Pocketing the eight ball[edit]

Once all of a player's or team's cluster of object balls area unit pocketed, they will commit to sink the eight ball. To win, the player (or team) should 1st designate that pocket they arrange to sink the eight ball into and so with success pot the eight ball therein known as pocket. If the eight ball falls into any pocket apart from the one selected or is knocked off the table, or a foul (see below) happens and therefore the eight ball is pocketed, this ends up in loss of game. Otherwise, the shooter's flip is just over, as well as once a foul like a scratch happens on associate unsuccessful commit to pocket the eight ball. In short, a World Standardized Rules game of eight-ball, sort of a game of nine-ball, isn't over till the "money ball" is not any longer on the table. This rule is uncommon to some bar and league players, as a result of in yank, Canadian and plenty of alternative forms of bar pool, and in some leagues, like APA, such a foul may be a loss of game. this is often not the case in World Standardized Rules, nor in another leagues that use those rules or a variant of them, e.g. VNEA starting with the 2008/2009 season, and BCAPL), and USAPL.

Winning[edit]

Any of the subsequent ends up in a game win:

A player wrongfully pockets the eight ball into a delegated pocket, finally of that player's object balls are pocketed

The opposing player illicitly pockets the eight ball (e.g. before clearing all of that player's object balls, will thus on an equivalent shot because the last such billiard ball, or the eight falls into a pocket apart from the one that was designated)

The opposing player knocks the eight ball off the table.

The opposing player commits any foul, as well as scratching the billiard ball into a pocket, or sound it off the table, within the course of a trial that pockets the eight ball. (As noted on top of, a scratch or alternative foul whereas shooting for the eight ball isn't a loss of the sport if the eight isn't pocketed or jumped from the table.)

Fouls[edit]

The shooter fails to strike one amongst his own object balls (or the eight ball, if all of aforesaid object balls area unit already pocketed) with the billiard ball, before alternative balls (if any) area unit contacted by the billiard ball. This excludes "split" shots, wherever the billiard ball strikes one amongst the shooter's and one amongst the opponent's billiard ball at the same time.

No ball comes into contact with a cushion or is pocketed, once legal billiard ball contact with the (first) billiard ball (or eight ball, if shooting for the 8)

If an endeavor is formed at a pot in pool, the ball hits the pocket, bounces out and lands on the bottom, the ball is placed within the pocket and therefore the game continues.

The shooter doesn't have a minimum of one foot on the ground (this demand is also waived if the shooter is disabled during a relevant manner, or the venue has not provided a mechanical bridge)

The billiard ball is shot before all balls have return to an entire stop from the previous shot

The billiard ball is affected quite once throughout a trial

The billiard ball is jumped entirely or part over associate obstructing ball with associate black basketball shot that scoops underneath the billiard ball

The billiard ball is clearly pushed (shoved slowly, instead of struck), with the cue tip remaining connected with it quite momentarily

The shooter touches the billiard ball with one thing apart from the tip of the cue

The shooter touches any ball (with body, consumer goods or equipment), apart from as necessary to maneuver the billiard ball once the player has ball-in-hand

The shooter knocks a ball off the table

The shooter has shot out-of-turn

On the break shot, no balls area unit pocketed and fewer than four balls reach the cushions (in that case the incoming player will demand a re-rack and take the break or force the initial breaker to re-break, or could take ball-in-hand behind the pinnacle string and shoot the balls as they lie