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Priyanka Chopra was born on eighteen July 1982 in Jamshedpur, province (now in Jharkhand), to Ashok and Madhu Chopra, each physicians within the Indian Army.[3][4] Her father was Punjabi, whereas her mother is from Jharkhand.[5] She contains a brother, Siddharth, WHO is seven years her junior.[6] thespian Parineeti Chopra, Meera Chopra and Mannara ar her cousins.[7] thanks to her parents' occupations the family settled to variety of Indian cities, together with city, Pune, Lucknow, Bareilly, Ladakh, Chandigarh and Ambala.[8] Among the faculties she attended were La Martiniere Girls' college in Lucknow[9] and St. Maria Goretti school in Bareilly.[10][11] In Associate in Nursing interview revealed in Daily News and Analysis, Chopra same that she didn't mind traveling often and dynamic  schools; she welcome it as a replacement expertise and the simplest way to find India's ism society.[12] Among the numerous places that she lived, Chopra has fond reminiscences as a toddler of taking part in within the valleys of Leh, within the cold northwestern Indian desert region of Jammu and geographic region. She has same, "I assume i used to be in school four once I was in Leh. My brother was simply born. My papa was within the army and was announce there. I stayed in Leh for a year and my reminiscences of that place ar tremendous ... we have a tendency to were all army youngsters there. we have a tendency to weren't living in homes, we have a tendency to were in bunkers within the vale and there was a stupa right prime of a hill that wont to overlook our vale. we have a tendency to wont to race up to the highest of the stupa".[13] She currently considers Bareilly her home city, and maintains robust connections there.[14]

At the age of 13, Chopra touched to the us to review, living together with her aunty, and attending faculties in Newton, Massachusetts, and metropolis, Iowa, once a stop in Queens, New York, as her aunt's family conjointly touched oft.[15][16] whereas in Massachusetts, she participated in many theatre productions and studied Western serious music, choral singing and Kathak dance.[17] Chopra was the sole Indian in her category to own been elite at the state level for the National composition Honour Choir.[18] but, by sophomore year, she was keen on turning into a programmer or a criminal scientist, instead of a performing artist.[18] throughout her adolescent years in America, Chopra generally round-faced racial problems and bullying. She has same, "I was a clunky child, had low shallowness, came from a modest middle-class  background, had white marks on my legs ... however i used to be damn arduous operating. Today, my legs sell twelve brands."[19]

After 3 years, Chopra came to Republic of India, finishing the senior year[15][16] of her high-school education at the military Public college in Bareilly.[20][21] throughout this era, she won the native "May Queen" beauty pageant,[22] once that she was pursued by admirers, leading her family to equip their home with bars for her protection.[16] Her mother then entered her within the Femina Miss Republic of India contest of 2000;[23] she finished second,[a] winning the Femina Miss Republic of India World title.[26] Chopra then went on to the Miss World pageant, wherever she was topped Miss World 2000 and Miss World Continental Queen of Beauty—Asia & archipelago at the Millennium Dome in London on one Gregorian calendar month 2000.[24][27][28] Chopra was the fifth Indian contestant to win Miss World, and also the fourth to try to to thus in seven years.[24][29] She had registered in school, however left once winning the Miss World pageant.[11][22] Chopra same that the Miss Republic of India and Miss World titles brought her recognition, and he or she then began receiving offers for film roles.[17][30]

Chopra has maintained a robust relationship together with her family, together with her younger brother, Siddharth, Associate in Nursingd lives in an flat on identical floor as her family.[3][31] She was particularly near her father, WHO died in Gregorian calendar month 2013;[32] in 2012 she got a tattoo reading "Daddy's lil girl", in his handwriting.[21][33] Having not return from a movie background, she describes herself as a successful lady.[34] Her mother, a well-established specialist in Bareilly, gave up her observe to support Chopra as she embarked upon a movie career.

After winning Miss Republic of India World, Chopra was forged because the feminine lead in Abbas-Mustan's romantic heroic tale Humraaz (2002), within which she was to create her film debut.[30] but, this fell through for varied reasons: she explicit  the assembly conflicted together with her schedule, whereas the producers same they re-cast as a result of Chopra took on varied alternative commitments.[37][38] Her screen debut occurred within the 2002 Tamil film Thamizhan because the love interest of the protagonist, vie by Vijay. The film was praised for its wit and dialogue, though Chopra's character was seen as lacking in depth;[39] Indian news and amusement portal Rediff.com declared that she showed "no promise".[40]

In 2003, Chopra created her Bollywood film debut because the second feminine lead opposite Sunny Deol and Preity Zinta in Anil Sharma's The Hero: romance of a Spy.[4] Set against the background of the Indian Army in geographic region, the film tells the story of Associate in Nursing agent and his fight against act of terrorism. The Hero was one in all the highest-grossing Bollywood films that year, however received mixed reviews from critics.[41][42] Later that year she appeared in dominion Kanwar's box-office success Andaaz with Akshay Kumar, once more sharing the feminine lead (this time with the debuting Lara Dutta).[41] Chopra vie a spirited young woman WHO falls soft on with Kumar's character. Her performance earned  her the Filmfare Award for Best feminine Debut (along with Dutta) and a nomination for the Filmfare Best Supporting thespian Award.[43] The geographic region Times noted the glamour that she dropped at the role;[4] Kunal monarch of Sify praised her and explicit  she had "all the qualities to be a star."[44]

Chopra's 1st 3 releases in 2004—Plan, Kismat, and Asambhav—performed poorly at the box-office.[45] Chopra was generally forged throughout this history as a "glamour quotient", in roles that were thought of "forgettable" by film critic Joginder Tuteja.[45][46] Later that year she marked with Salman Khan and Akshay Kumar in David Dhawan's romantic comedy Mujhse Shaadi Karogi, that became the third-highest-grossing film of the year in Republic of India and emerged as a billboard success earning INR570 million (US$9 million) globally.[47] In late 2004, she marked opposite Kumar and Kareena Kapoor in Abbas-Mustan's heroic tale Aitraaz. Chopra considers her 1st role as Associate in Nursing antagonist, depicting Soniya Roy, Associate in Nursing formidable lady WHO accuses her worker of molestation, because the "biggest learning expertise of her career."[21] The film was moderately self-made at the Indian box-office,[48] and Chopra's performance was critically acclaimed.[46] Author Rini Bhattacharya attributable her for transportation back the seductress to the silver screen.[49][50] The geographic region Times cited it because the film that modified her career considerably.[4] A reviewer writing for the BBC same, "Aitraaz is Priyanka Chopra's film. because the deliciously wicked, gold dig, scheming seductress, she chews up each scene she is in together with her magnetic screen presence."[51] She earned  a Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a very Negative Role (also called the most effective Villain Award),[4] turning into the second and final thespian to win the award once Kajol (the class was interrupted in 2008). Chopra conjointly received another nomination for the Filmfare Best Supporting thespian Award for her performance.[

Early success and setbacks (2005–08)

In 2005, Chopra appeared in six films. 3 of them—Blackmail, Karam and Yakeen—were commercially unsuccessful.[52] Shilpa Bharatan-Iyer of Rediff.com thought of Blackmail to be terribly|a really|a awfully} inevitable film Associate in Nursingd believed that her role as a police commissioner's woman was very restricted from an acting viewpoint.[53] On her performance in Yakeen, Taran Adarsh wrote that Chopra "is absolute to win laurels over again ... the actor is rising together of the best skills in these fast-changing times".[54] Chopra vie the woman of Akshay Kumar in Vipul Amrutlal Shah's family drama Waqt: The Race against the clock, the story of alittle bourgeois (played by Amitabh Bachchan) WHO, concealment his ill health, needs to show his unaccountable son some lessons before he dies. throughout production, Chopra revisited Leh, a favorite childhood haunt, for the shooting of the song "Subah Hogi".[13] She suffered Associate in Nursing accident throughout the cinematography for the song "Do American state A Favour Let's Play Holi" once she electrocuted herself, outlay daily convalescent in hospital. The film was a moderate box-office success.[52][55] Her next unleash was Suneel Darshan's romance Barsaat, co-starring police officer Deol and Bipasha Basu. The film was a essential and business failure in India[52] however fared higher within the overseas market.[56] Chopra's performance received mixed reviews, with Taran Adarsh describing it as "mechanical".[57] but, Rediff.com thought of Chopra to be Associate in Nursing "epitome of calm intelligence, WHO underplayed her role to perfection".[58] Later that year, Rohan Sippy forged her with Abhishek Bachchan, Ritesh Deshmukh and Nana Patekar within the comedy Bluffmaster! Chopra vie freelance operating lady Simran Saxena (Bachchan's love interest). in line with critic Subhash K. Jha, "Chopra has very little to try to to. however she will it with obvious equanimity

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WP:BIO redirects here. you will are yearning for Wikipedia:Autobiography, Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons, Wikipedia:WikiProject life story, Wikipedia:WikiProject Biology or Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biographies.

Blue tick This page documents associate degree English Wikipedia famous person guideline. it's a usually accepted normal that editors ought to plan to follow, tho' it's best treated with logic, and occasional exceptions might apply. Any substantive edit to the present page ought to replicate accord. once doubtful, discuss initial on the speak page.

All biographies of living people should adjust to the policy on biographies of living people, being supported by spare reliable freelance sources to confirm neutrality.

Notability

This famous person guideline for biographies[2] reflects accord reached through discussions and bolstered by established follow, and informs choices on whether or not a piece a couple of person ought to be written, merged, deleted or any developed. For recommendation concerning the way to write account articles, see Wikipedia:Manual of favor (biographies) and Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons.

The article title ought to outline what the article is concerning. If there's enough valid content to fill a piece concerning the person, then "John Doe" would be associate degree acceptable title. If, however, there's merely enough info concerning one notable event associated with the person, then the article ought to be titled specifically this event, like Steve Bartman incident. typically once a superstar dies, there's enough info for a piece concerning their death, like Death of vocaliser or Death of Diana, patrician of Wales. If a notable person's main article is simply too long to contain all of their works, then a separate page will be created for that info, like writer listing. If the person was the topic of a notable murder, then a title like Murder of Kitty city is suitable.

A person is likely to be notable if he or she has been the topic of multiple published[3] secondary sources that ar reliable, intellectually freelance of every alternative,[4] and freelance of the topic.[5]

If the depth of coverage in any given supply isn't substantial, then multiple freelance sources is also combined to demonstrate famous person; trivial coverage of an issue by secondary sources might not be spare to determine notability.[6]

Primary sources is also accustomed support content in a piece, however they are doing not contribute toward proving the famous person of an issue.

People who meet the essential criteria is also thought-about notable while not meeting the extra criteria below. Articles should still not be created for such individuals if they make up exclusionary criteria, like being notable just for one event, or like those listed in What Wikipedia isn't.

Additional criteria[edit]

People ar doubtless to be notable if they meet any of the subsequent standards. Failure to fulfill these criteria isn't conclusive proof that an issue shouldn't be included; conversely, meeting one or additional doesn't guarantee that an issue ought to be enclosed.

A person UN agency fails to fulfill these further criteria should still be notable beneath Wikipedia:Notability. Editors might realize these criteria useful once deciding whether or not to tag a piece as requiring further citations (using } for example), or to instead initiate a deletion discussion.

Any biography[edit]

Shortcut:

WP:ANYBIO

The person has received a widely known and important award or honor, or has been nominative for one many times.

The person has created a well known contribution that's a part of the enduring account in his or her specific field.[7]

Academics[edit]

Main page: Wikipedia:Notability (academics)

Many scientists, researchers, philosophers and alternative students (collectively cited as "academics" for convenience) ar notably powerful within the world of concepts while not their biographies being the topic of secondary sources.

Creative professionals[edit]

"WP:author" redirects here. For info concerning the authorship of Wikipedia articles, see WP:OWN.

Authors, editors, journalists, filmmakers, photographers, artists, architects, and alternative artistic professionals:

The person is considered a very important figure or is wide cited by peers or successors.

The person is thought for originating a big new thought, theory or technique.

The person has created, or contend a serious role in co-creating, a big or well-known work, or collective body of labor, that has been the topic of associate degree freelance book or feature-length film, or of multiple freelance periodical articles or reviews.

The person's work (or works) either (a) has become a big monument, (b) has been a considerable a part of a big exhibition, (c) has won important important attention, or (d) is drawn inside the permanent collections of many notable galleries or museums.

Crime victims and perpetrators[edit]

See also: Wikipedia:Notability (events)#Criminal acts

"WP:CRIME" redirects here. For the Crime WikiProject, see WP:WikiProject Crime..

Where there's such associate degree existing article, it should be acceptable to form a sub-article, however provided that this is often necessitated by concerns of article size.

Where there aren't any acceptable existing articles, the criminal or victim in question ought to be the topic of a Wikipedia article provided that one amongst the subsequent applies:

For victims, and people wrong condemned of crime

The victim or person wrong condemned, in keeping with WP:BLP1E had an outsized role inside a well-documented historic event. The historic significance is indicated by persistent coverage of the event in reliable secondary sources that devote important attention to the individual's role.[8]

For perpetrators

The victim of the crime could be a famed national or international figure, including, however not restricted to, politicians or celebrities.[9]

The motivation for the crime or the execution of the crime is unusual—or has otherwise been thought-about noteworthy—such that it's a well-documented historic event. Generally, historic significance is indicated by sustained coverage of the event in reliable secondary sources that persists on the far side contemporaneous news coverage and devotes important attention to the individual's role.[10]

Note: A living person suspect of against the law is likely innocent  unless and till this is often set by a court of law. Editors should offer serious thought to not making a piece on associate degree alleged wrongdoer once no conviction is nevertheless secured.

Entertainers[edit]

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Actors, voice actors, comedians, opinion manufacturers, models, and celebrities:

Has had important roles in multiple notable films, tv shows, stage performances, or alternative productions.

Has a massive fan base or a big "cult" following.

Has created distinctive, prolific or innovative contributions to a field of recreation.

See WP:MUSIC for pointers on musicians, composers, groups, etc.

Pornographic actors and models[edit]

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The following criteria ought to be spoken during a Wikipedia:Articles for deletion discussion solely in reference to subjects UN agency ar or are concerned within the erotica business.

Has won a widely known and important business award. Awards in scene-related and ensemble classes ar excluded from thought.

Has created distinctive contributions to a selected sexy genre, like starting a trend in pornography; asterisked in associate degree painting, groundbreaking or blockbuster feature; or could be a member of associate degree business Hall of Fame like the AVN Hall of Fame, XRCO Hall of Fame or equivalent.

Has been featured multiple times in notable thought media.

Military personnel[edit]

For WikiProject Military History steerage, see: Project famous person guide

Politicians[edit]

Further information: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Common outcomes#Politicians

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Politicians and judges UN agency have control international, national or sub-national (statewide/provincewide) workplace, and members or former members of a national, state or provincial assembly.[11] This conjointly applies to persons UN agency are nonappointive to such offices however haven't nevertheless assumed them.

Major native political figures UN agency have received important press coverage.[7]

Just being associate degree nonappointive native official, or associate degree unelected candidate for political workplace, doesn't guarantee famous person, though such individuals will still be notable if they meet the first famous person criterion of "significant coverage in reliable sources that ar freelance of the topic of the article".

For the needs of this guideline, ambassadorships don't seem to be thought-about international offices.

In the case of candidates for political workplace UN agency don't meet this guideline, the final rule is to airt to associate degree acceptable page covering the election or political workplace sought-after in position of deletion. Relevant material from the account article will be incorporated into the election or political workplace page if acceptable

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The Republic of Seychelles is AN island country spanning AN dry land of a hundred and fifteen islands within the ocean. it's a part of the Mascarene Islands beside Mauritius and Reunion. simply northeast of Madagascar, Seychelles is located with Zanzibar to the west, Reunion to the south and land and Mayotte to the Southwest. With AN calculable population of eighty six,525, it's the tiniest population of any African State.

Oh and it’s conjointly spectacularly lovely with topaz water and white sand beaches. It’s straightforward to visualize why Seychelles is such a preferred traveller destination. fancy the twenty five pretty images below beside data regarding Seychelles scattered throughout.

The granitic islands of the Seychelles dry land cluster round the main island of Mahé, home to the international airfield and therefore the capital, Victoria, and its satellites Praslin and La Digue. Together, these Inner Islands kind the cultural and economic hub of the state and contain the bulk of Seychelles’ business facilities in addition as its most gorgeous beaches.

The ocean republic occupies a area of 455 km² ANd an Exclusive Economic Zone of one.4 million km². of those a hundred and fifteen islands, forty one Inner Islands represent the oldest mid-oceanic granite islands on earth whereas an additional seventy four kind the five teams of low-lying coral atolls and reef islets that area unit the Outer Islands.

Seychelles is home to no but 2 UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the legendary Vallée Diamond State Mai on Praslin wherever the wonderfully formed Coco-de-mer nut grows high on ancient palms and unreal Aldabra, the world’s largest raised coral coral reef, initial seen by early Arab seafarers of the ninth century A.D. [Source

Seychelles’ desirable climate is usually heat and while not extremes. during this tropical haven the temperature rarely drops below 24°C or rises higher than 32°C. almost the remotest southern islands lie well outside the cyclone belt creating Seychelles’ a year spherical destination for sun worshippers and beach lovers.

During the north-west trade winds that visit between the months of October and March, the ocean is usually calm and therefore the weather heat and wet, with average winds of 8-12 knots.

During Gregorian calendar month and Gregorian calendar month the islands receive their invigorating rains, rejuvenating the rivers and streams and teasing the {colourful} foliage into rainbows of colour.

The months between might and Gregorian calendar month bring drier, cooler weather, and livelier seas – significantly on south-eastern coasts – and winds of 10-20 knots. 

For over 2 centuries, the islands have remained a melting pot of various races, traditions and religions from the four corners of the world.

Government

The Republic of Seychelles encompasses a multi-party form of government with AN government President as head of state and government. The President heads a cupboard of ten ministers which incorporates the Vice-President. The Republic of Seychelles may be a member of the global organization, the African Union, the Commonwealth and La Francophonie.

Language

There area unit 3 official languages in Seychelles: Creole, English and French. several Seychellois conjointly speak fluent Italian or German.

Religion

Roman Catholicism remains the dominant faith of Seychelles however there also are Anglican and Protestant churches and therefore the places of worship of alternative denominations. These sleep in harmony aboard, Muslim, Hindu and Bahai communities supported Mahé, Praslin and La Digue

Seychelles may be a living deposit of explanation and a sanctuary for a few of the rarest species of flora & fauna on earth. With virtually five hundredth of its restricted terra firma put aside as national parks and reserves, Seychelles prides itself on its record for much sharp-sighted conservation policies that have resulted in AN desirable degree of protection for the surroundings and therefore the varied ecosystems it supports.

Nowhere else on earth can you discover distinctive endemic specimens like the fabulous Coco-de-mer, the biggest seed within the world, the jellyfish tree, with solely eight extant examples, the Seychelles’ paradise flycatcher and Seychelles warbler.

From the tiniest frog to the heaviest land turtle and therefore the solely ratite of the ocean, Seychelles nurtures a tremendous array of endemic species inside surrounds of remarkable natural beauty

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Wallpaper may be a nonwoven (paper) or plain-woven (fabric) backing, decoratively written for application to walls of a residence or business. Wallpaper isn't thought of essential to the decoration of a structure; but, it's become a primary methodology by that to impart vogue, atmosphere, or color into an area.

The wallpaper trade divides the manufacture of wallpaper into those utilized in residences and people decorated in businesses or alternative public buildings. the 2 classes of paper dissent in weight, usefulness, and quality standards. Residential-use wallpapers area unit made of numerous materials and may be purchased prepasted or unpasted. There aren't any mandated usefulness tests for residential papers. The commercial-grade wallpapers area unit divided into classes supported weight, backing composition, and laminate/coating thickness. All commercial-use wallpapers should have a vinyl surface and pass rigorous physical and visual tests as mandated by the Chemical materials and Film Association.

There area unit four well-liked ways accustomed print wallpapers, and designers opt for the printing technique supported price furthermore as aesthetics.History

The earliest wallpapers utilized in Europe as early because the thirteenth century were painted with pictures of well-liked spiritual icons. These "domino papers" were affixed inside homes of the devout; but, they conjointly enlivened the grim homes of the poor. inside ensuing few centuries, papers were hand block-printed, however solely remained fashionable the poor.

By the sixteenth century, however, costlier wallcovering, depiction tapestries decorated in homes of nobility, became fashionable the center category. tiny sheets either carried a repetition image, or many blocks made a pattern unfold across several sheets. trendy eighteenth century Americans puchased wallpapers from France and England; "paper stainers" were manufacturing wallpapers during this country by the first nineteenth century if not before.

Two issues infested wallpaper stainers till the mid-nineteenth century. One was the matter of manufacturing long sheets of paper for printing, the opposite was printing engaging wallpaper inexpensively. till the mid-1700s, rag-based paper was separately written in sheets, then applied to walls. Then, wallpaper makers were pasting the items along, ground coating them, then printing. within the late nineteenth century, the paper trade developed "endless" paper, or paper created in terribly long strips. By 1870, pulp had supplanted rag stock, leading to a really low cost backing for wallcovering.

In the nineteenth century, printing prices were greatly reduced by abandoning labour-intensive block printing in favor of cylinder printing. Wood-block printers applied every color by hand employing a separate block for every colour the pattern. Thus, every block had to be inked with the proper color, ironed down on the paper, tapped  to make sure a high quality imprint, lifted up, and reinked because the printer stirred down the paper roll—an high-ticket method. Wood blocks were supplanted by copper cylinders, that carried the look below the surface of the roll, every roll printing one color. The cylinders were mounted inside one machine and

Wallpaper

the paper was automatically fed between cylinders till the paper was fully printed—no hand printing concerned. Thus, by regarding 1885 pulp paper written with cylinders thus greatly reduced wallpaper prices that it absolutely was cheaper to wallpaper a house within the us than to color it.

More recent advances embody development of extra printing ways, new inks and solvents, and use of latex and vinyl as coatings or laminates.

Raw Materials

Wallpaper consists of a backing, ground coat, applied ink, and generally paste on the backing accustomed adhere the paper to the wall. Non-woven backings may be of ground wood, wood pulp, or pulp with artificial material. plain-woven backings area unit those manufactured from durable plain-woven textiles like drill (heavy plain-woven cotton very like jean material). The plain-woven backing is then coated and written.

The ground coat is that the background color set on the surface, that receives the written pattern. Coatings or laminates area unit manufactured from latex or vinyl (polyvinyl chloride) and render the paper sturdy and strippable. Ground coats conjointly embody additives that enhance the convenience of handling, opacity, and drapability of the paper.

The paper is written with inks composed of pigment and a vehicle that ties the ink to the backing. Solvents may be solvent or water, as an example. Printers opt for inks rigorously because the solvents they embody have an effect on the drying time and production time between color applications of the paper.

Pastes could or might not be applied to wallpapers. If they're, {they area unit|they're} sometimes created from cornflour or wheat starch and are applied wet to the backing. Prepasted wallpapers should be rewetted for adhesion to the wall.

Design

New wallpaper styles area unit usually derived from sketches purchased from a employees designer or freelance wallpaper designer. The creative person lays out the look on paper and completes a minimum of a partial pencil sketch. The selling and style employees can then decide if the paper is that the right "fit" for a selected look or line. If the look is accepted, the creative person produces a all-out color sketch in numerous colours and palettes.

After the writing is chosen, the sketch is okay tuned to suit the wants of the writing and therefore the pattern is shipped to the engraver or screen-maker. Once the cylinder or screens area unit in situ and a couple of pattern repeats area unit written, a "strike off' (sample wallpaper) is written to check the colour and pattern. once okayed, the paper is commercially written in giant runs.

The producing 

Process

Making the paper

1 Ground wood sheets of paper area unit made by mistreatment a whole tree, removing the bark, and pressing the tree against a revolving tread, that grinds the wood into suspension. The suspension is employed to form a ground wood sheet—a comparatively cheap wall-paper backing.

Wood pulp sheets area unit created by debarking a tree and chip the tree into a suspension. The mixture is run through a pulp mill wherever blanching agent and chemical element area unit intercalary to separate the polymer (which cements the woody cell walls together) from the remainder of the pulp and bleaches the pulp. pulp sheets with fibers will have artificial fibers intercalary to administer the paper extra texture.

A roll of paper from the factory is sixty five in (1.65 m) wide, probably as long as twenty two,000 ft (6,706 m), and weighs around one ton. Once oversubscribed to a printer, every paper roll is delve six sub-rolls that area unit twenty one in (53 cm) wide by ten,000 ft (3,048 m) long.

Coating

2 Before the pattern is written, the backing should be coated with a ground color. Ground wood sheets area unit coated with coloured vinyl (PVC), that varies in thickness counting on the sturdiness and strippability of paper beneath production. Vinyl may be laminated to backings for exceptional usefulness.

Wood pulp sheets area unit coated with one or all of the following: porcelain clay clay for drapability, titania for opacity, and latex for ease in handling and color.

Printing

There area unit four attainable kinds of printing techniques.

3 Surface printing. Metal rollers fertile with a raised rubber pattern area unit mounted on one machine. Ink is applied to the surface roller, and therefore the ink lays within the hills or rubber pattern sitting on top of the surface of the roller. The ink is then ironed onto the paper.

4 Gravure printing. every color of the pattern is written with one roller. Copper cylinders area unit laser-etched then chrome-plated for sturdiness. giant gravure-printing machines hold a most of twelve cylinders that along produce the entire pattern. The paper roll moves to at least one cylinder, a back roller picks up color associate degreed pushes it against an incised roller. A steel doctor blade pushes against the incised cylinder, forcing ink into the graven detail. A rubber roller then presses paper against the cylinder, sanctioning it to select up the ink within the valleys of the engraving. Finally, rollers carry the paper aloof from the cylinder into a appliance, wherever the ink is about. Once the ink is dry, the method begins once more with ensuing cylinder.

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Rusty sand at sunrise Beach desktop wallpaper, Water wallpaper, Sky wallpaper, Cloud wallpaper, Ocean wallpaper, Sunrise wallpaper, Sand wallpaper, Beach wallpaper - Beaches no. 37521. transfer this Rusty sand at sunrise Water Sky Cloud Ocean Sunrise Sand desktop wallpaper in multiple resolutions for complimentary.

HD stunning Nice Nature Beach Wallpaper Free transfer Wallpaper below Beach class for top Quality and High Definition silver screen laptop, laptop and laptop computer Desktop Background Photos, pictures and photos. you'll additionally transfer Wallpaper From higher than Listed Resolution.

White Sand -- #wallpaper by BloWorld from http://interfacelift.com -- Another picture from my trip in Australia. This image has been taken on Whitehaven Beach, early within the morning. this is often clearly one in all the foremost stunning places within the world. Apple Aperture three. -- obtainable as #wallpapers in any resolution at

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BlackBerry courier (BBM) could be a proprietary Internet-based PIN instant courier and videotelephony application enclosed on BlackBerry devices that permits electronic communication and voicecalls between BlackBerry, iOS, Windows Phone and robot users. Users on Blackberry ten may use videocalling. it had been developed by the manufacturer of the BlackBerry, BlackBerry restricted (formerly called analysis In Motion restricted (RIM)). Messages sent via BlackBerry courier ar sent over the net and use the BlackBerry PIN system. Communication was solely potential between BlackBerry devices till late 2013 once BBM was free on iOS and robot systems. There ar ninety one million BBM users worldwide [1] and BlackBerry infrastructure handled thirty petabytes of knowledge traffic every month by early 2013.[2]

The service communicates over the phone's net association victimization the mobile network. A wireless computer network ("Wi-Fi") network connected to the net might also be wont to send messages, most service suppliers permit sign-in to BlackBerry courier if you have got a BlackBerry knowledge set up.[3] Blackberry knowledge plans don't seem to be required for Blackberry ten, iOS, Windows Phone and robot.

Exchanging messages is feasible to one person or via dedicated discussion or discussion groups, which permit multiple BlackBerry devices to speak in a very single session. additionally to providing text-based instant messages, BlackBerry courier conjointly permits users to send footage, voicenotes (audio recordings), files, location on a map, stickers and a large choice of emoticons. conjointly contacts will build voicecalls with one another over the WiFi or mobile network and also the high verbal description devices will even build videocalls.

With the discharge of BlackBerry courier five.0, BlackBerry permits users to use a QR Code to feature ANother} to their individual friends lists instead of victimization solely numeric PIN identification or an email address related to the user's BlackBerry. Recent BlackBerry devices may exchange BBM contacts victimization close to Field Communication technology. Users may set animated gif footage as their show footage,[4][5] though animated footage have a 32KB size limit.[6][7] style|to style} animated GIFs for BBM you'll have graphic design suites like Adobe PhotoShop or an easier suite like FlashDP.

The release of BlackBerry courier vi.0 introduced extra traits. This update is targeted on social communication mediums, as well as 'BBM Connected Apps', which permit the user to ask friends to share their favorite BlackBerry Applications.

With the discharge of BlackBerry courier seven.0 in Dec 2012, voice chat was introduced. The new feature is termed BBM Voice decision.

Contents  [hide] 

1 Version History

1.1 BlackBerry OS

1.2 BlackBerry ten

1.3 Android

1.4 iOS

1.5 Windows Phone

2 dependableness

3 Features

4 Trademark conflict with BBM Canada

5 handiness on different mobile operational systems

6 options that will be out there on different mobile operational systems

7 Security

8 References

9 more reading

10 External links

Version History[edit]

BlackBerry OS[edit]

BlackBerry courier seven

date release: March eleven, 2010

A new choice of emoticons is integrated

Allows user to Free decision over WiFi

BlackBerry courier eight

date release: Nov twenty six, 2013

BBM Channels

All new style interface

Enhanced BBM Updates

Performance enhancements

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Google Play, originally the golem Market, may be a digital distribution platform operated by Google. It is the official app store for the golem software system, permitting users to browse and transfer applications developed with the golem SDK and revealed through Google. Google Play conjointly is a digital media store, giving music, magazines, books, movies, and tv programs. Users may purchase hardware devices through the service, like Chromebooks, Google Nexus-branded mobile devices, Chromecasts, and accessories.[2]

Applications square measure obtainable through Google Play either freed from charge or at a price. they'll be downloaded on to associate degree golem or Google TV device through the Play Store mobile app, or by deploying the appliance to a tool from the Google Play web site.[3] several applications may be targeted to specific users supported a specific hardware attribute of their device, like a motion device (for motion-dependent games) or a front-facing camera (for on-line video calling).

Google Play was launched on March vi, 2012 with the merger of golem Market, Google Music and Google eBookstore, marking a shift in Google's digital distribution strategy.[4] The services in operation below the Google Play banner are: Google Play Music, Google Play Books, Google Play sales booth, Google Play Movies & TV, and Google Play Games. The Google Play store has reached over one.3 million apps published[5] and over fifty billion downloads.[6]

Contents  [hide] 

1 Catalog content

1.1 Applications

1.2 Music

1.3 Books

1.4 Movies and television shows

1.5 News and magazines

1.6 Devices

2 Google Play-branded applications

2.1 Play sales booth

2.2 Play Games

3 History

4 Interface

4.1 Installation history

4.2 Advertisements in free apps

5 Play Store (Android app)

5.1 Compatibility

5.2 Version history

6 Application approval

7 Application security

7.1 Security problems

8 Gift cards

9 handiness

10 cf.

11 Notes

12 References

13 External links

Catalog content[edit]

Applications[edit]

Google Play makes free-of-charge applications obtainable worldwide (except countries below us embargoes),[7] whereas paid applications square measure obtainable in one hundred thirty five countries.[8] Applications may be put in from the device exploitation the Google Play Store app or through the Google Play web site on a laptop.[9] consistent with AppBrain Stats, there square measure over one,400,000 applications obtainable as of November 2014,[10] of that over one,200,000 square measure free and over two hundred,000 square measure paid.[11] Google appears to get rid of low-quality apps from the shop roughly once 1 / 4, once the amount of accessible apps go down.[10]

As of November 2014, developers in sixty one countries were able to distribute paid applications on Google Play.[12] To distribute apps, developers have to be compelled to pay $25 as registration fee for a Google Play Developer Console account. Google states that this fee is charged to encourage higher quality merchandise on Google Play.[13] Application developers will management that countries associate degree app distributed in, yet because the evaluation for the app and in-app purchases in every country.[14] Developers receive seventy % of the appliance value, whereas the remaining half-hour goes to distribution partner and in operation fees.[15] Revenue attained from the Google Play is paid to developers via Google case businessperson accounts, or via Google AdSense accounts in some countries.[16]

Google Play permits developers to unharness early versions of apps to a get cluster of users, as alpha- and beta-testing versions. this enables the developer to mend any problems before the app is free wide. Google Play conjointly permits developers to unharness updates bit by bit, initial to a set of users and so more and more to larger parts of the userbase, guaranteeing that the tiniest range of users square measure suffering from any problems incomprehensible  in testing.[14]

Some carriers, like Sprint, supply direct carrier request for application purchases.[17] Purchases of unwanted applications may be refunded at intervals quarter-hour of the time of transfer.[18]

Applications meeting bound standard set by Google may be created compatible for golem Wear and golem TV devices, and for the Google work platform.

On Saint Patrick's Day, 2009, about 2,300 applications were obtainable in golem Market, consistent with T-Mobile chief technical officer Cole Brodman.[19] On might ten, 2011, throughout the Google I/O, Google proclaimed that golem Market had two hundred,000 applications listed and four.5 billion applications put in.[20] In October 2012, Google proclaimed that Google Play had 700,000 apps obtainable to transfer, matching the amount of apps in Apple's App Store.[21] On Gregorian calendar month twenty four, 2013, Google proclaimed that the Play Store currently had one thousand thousand applications listed and had seen over fifty billion downloads

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This article is concerning the online browser. For the package, see Chrome OS.

Google Chrome

Google Chrome icon (2011).svg

Developer(s) Google Iraqi National Congress.

Initial release September two, 2008

Stable unharness

Windows, OS X, Linux

39.0.2171.99 (January thirteen, 2015; one day ago[1]) [±]

Android (ARM, x86)

39.0.2171.93 (December three, 2014; forty two days ago[2][3]) [±]

iOS

38.0.2125.67 (October twenty seven, two014; 2 months ago[4]) [±]

Preview unharness

Beta

40.0.2214.85 (January fourteen, 2015; zero days ago[5]) [±]

Dev

41.0.2272.3 (January thirteen, 2015; one day ago[6]) [±]

Beta for golem

40.0.2214.45 (December seventeen, 2014; twenty eight days ago[7]) [±]

Development status Active

Written in C++[8]

Operating system Android (4.0 and later)

iOS (6.0 or later)[9]

Linux (+GCC v4.6 & +GTK v2.24)

OS X (10.6 and later)

Windows (XP SP2 and later)

Engines Blink (WebKit on iOS), V8

Platform x86, x64, 32-bit ARM (ARMv7)

Available in 53 languages

Type Web browser, mobile application

License Freeware below Google Chrome Terms of Service[10][note 1]

Website www.google.com/chrome

Google Chrome could be a software package net browser[10] developed by Google. It used the WebKit layout engine till version twenty seven and, with the exception of its iOS releases, from version twenty eight and on the far side uses the WebKit fork Blink.[11][12][13] it absolutely was initial discharged as a beta version for Microsoft Windows on Sept two, 2008, and as a stable public unharness on Dec eleven, 2008.

As of Gregorian calendar month 2015, StatCounter estimates that Google Chrome encompasses a fifty one worldwide usage share of net browsers, indicating that it's the foremost wide used application within the world.[14]

Google releases the bulk of Chrome's ASCII text file as associate degree ASCII text file project metallic element.[15][16] A notable part that's not open supply is that the constitutional Adobe Flash Player

History[edit]

See also: History of Google

Google business executive Eric statesman opposed the event of associate degree freelance application for 6 years. He expressed that "at the time, Google was alittle company," and he didn't wish to travel through "bruising browser wars." when co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page employed many Mozilla Firefox developers and engineered an indication of Chrome, statesman admitted that "It was therefore sensible that it primarily forced American state to alter my mind."[17]

Announcement[edit]

The release announcement was originally scheduled  for Sept three, 2008, and a comic book by Scott McCloud was to be sent to journalists and bloggers explaining the options among the new browser.[18] Copies supposed for Europe were shipped early and German blogger Philipp Lenssen of Google Blogoscoped[19] created a scanned copy of the 38-page comic offered on his web site when receiving it on Sept one, 2008.[20] Google afterwards created the comic offered on Google Books[21] and mentioned it on their official journal along side an evidence for the first unharness.[22]

Public reease[edit]

An early version of metallic element for UNIX, explaining the distinction between Chrome and metallic element

The browser was initial publically discharged for Microsoft Windows (XP and later versions) on Sept two, 2008 in forty three languages, formally a beta version.[23]

On a similar day, a CNET news item[24] Drew attention to a passage within the Terms of Service statement for the initial beta unharness, that gave the impression to grant to Google a license to all or any content transferred via the Chrome browser. This passage was familial from the overall Google terms of service.[25] Google felt this criticism straightaway by stating that the language used was borrowed from alternative product, and removed this passage from the Terms of Service.[10]

Chrome quickly gained concerning a hundred and twenty fifth usage share.[22][26][27][28] when the initial surge, usage share born till it hit a coffee of zero.69% in Oct 2008. It then started rising once more and by Dec 2008, Chrome once more passed the half threshold.[29]

In early Gregorian calendar month 2009, CNET reported  that Google planned to unharness versions of Chrome for OS X and UNIX within the half of the year.[30] the primary official Chrome OS X and UNIX developer previews[31] were proclaimed on Gregorian calendar month four, 2009 with a journal post[32] locution they were missing several options and were supposed for early feedback instead of general use.

In Dec 2009, Google discharged beta versions of Chrome for OS X and UNIX.[33][34] Google Chrome five.0, proclaimed on could twenty five, 2010, was the primary stable unharness to support all 3 platforms.[35]

Chrome was one in every of the twelve browsers offered to European Economic space users of Microsoft Windows in 2010.[36]

Development[edit]

Chrome was assembled from twenty five completely different code libraries from Google and third parties like Mozilla's browser transportable Runtime, Network Security Services, NPAPI, Skia Graphics Engine, SQLite, and variety of alternative ASCII text file comes.[37] The V8 JavaScript virtual machine was thought-about a sufficiently necessary project to be split off (as was Adobe/Mozilla's Tamarin) and handled by a separate team in Scandinavian country coordinated by Lars Bak at Arhus. consistent with Google, existing implementations were designed "for tiny programs, wherever the performance and interactivity of the system weren't that important", however net applications like Gmail "are mistreatment the online browser to the fullest once it involves DOM manipulations and JavaScript", and so would considerably like a JavaScript engine that would work quicker.

Chrome uses the Blink rendering engine to show web content. supported WebKit, Blink solely uses WebKit's "WebCore" elements whereas subbing all alternative elements, like its own multi-process design in situ of WebKit's native implementation.[38]

Chrome is internally tested with unit testing, "automated computer program testing of written user actions", fuzz testing, still as WebKit's layout tests (99% of that Chrome is claimed to own passed), and against unremarkably accessed websites within the Google index among 20–30 minutes.[21]

Google created Gears for Chrome, that added  options for net developers usually with reference to the building of net applications, together with offline support.[21] Google phased out Gears because the same practicality became offered within the HTML5 standards.[39]

On Gregorian calendar month eleven, 2011 the Chrome product manager, microphone Jazayeri, proclaimed that Chrome would take away H.264 video codec support for its HTML5 player, citing the need to bring Google Chrome additional in line with the presently offered open codecs offered within the metallic element project, that Chrome relies on.[40] Despite this, on Gregorian calendar month half dozen, 2012, Google discharged a version of Chrome on Windows that added  hardware-accelerated H.264 video decipherment.[41] In Oct 2013, Cisco proclaimed that it absolutely was open-sourcing its H.264 codecs and can cowl all fees needed.[42]

On Gregorian calendar month seven, 2012, Google launched Google Chrome Beta for golem four.0 devices.[43] On several new devices with golem four.1 and later preinstalled, Chrome is that the default browser.[44]

On April 3, 2013, Google proclaimed that it might fork the WebCore part of WebKit to make its own layout engine referred to as Blink. The aim of Blink are to grant Chrome's developers additional freedom in implementing its own changes to the engine, and to permit its codebase to be cut of code that's unessential or unimplemented by Chrome

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Telegram may be a cross-platform instant electronic messaging system whose shoppers area unit open supply and servers area unit proprietary package. wire users will exchange encrypted and self-destructing messages, photos, videos and documents (all files sorts area unit supported).

Official and unofficial package for wire is on the market for several totally different platforms, together with humanoid, iOS, Windows Phone, Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.[7][8] package is additionally obtainable from freelance developers World Health Organization create use of the wire API.

History[edit]

Telegram was launched in 2013 by the brothers Nikolai and Pavel Durov, the founders of VK, Russia's largest social network.[9] wire courier LLP is associate degree freelance non-profit-making company based mostly in Berlin, Germany,[10] that isn't connected to VK.[11] Nikolai created the new MTProto protocol that the courier is predicated on, whereas Pavel provided backing and infrastructure through his Digital defense fund.[12]

In October 2013, wire had a hundred,000 daily active users.[9] On twenty four March 2014, wire declared that it's reached thirty five million monthly users and fifteen million daily active users.[13]

On December twenty one, 2013, a Russian IT-community user discovered a security drawback in wire. They rewarded a $100,000 USD bounty once the matter was fastened.[14]

On March 1, 2014 the primary contest terminated with no winners and wire printed the keys necessary to rewrite traffic. The challenge of the competition was to disclose direction among a fictional chat between users Paul and Nick victimization the key chat.[15][16] wire claims that challenges to interrupt the cryptography that they need enforced are going to be a permanent feature of the project and declared that they're performing on a brand new contest that might permit additional active attacks.[15][17]

Several members of the cryptological community, together with security researchers sand hand tool and Taylor Hornby, have criticized Telegram's science contests for being no proof of security and dishonorable the general public.[18][19][20][21]

In December 2014, wire declared that they had fifty million active users, generating one billion daily messages. additionally that they had one million new users language up to wire each week.[22]

On Gregorian calendar month five, 2015, Telegram's commonplace messages scored three out of seven points on the Electronic Frontier Foundation's secure electronic messaging card. It lost points as a result of communications aren't encrypted with a key the supplier does not have access to, users cannot verify contacts' identities, past messages aren't secure if the coding keys area unit taken, and there has not been a recent freelance code audit. within the same analysis, Telegram's secret chats scored half-dozen out of seven points. It lost some extent as a result of there has not been a recent freelance code audit.[23]

Features[edit]

If a user's range is assigned  to the primary put in application, a code are going to be sent by SMS or telephone to verify the quantity. subsequent time a tool is extra to the account, the IP address and time of application access, followed by the protection code are going to be sent on to those devices already allotted.[24] Once a user has verified their signaling, it's then potential to associate their range with associate degree alias, within the same manner it's through with a user account. alternative users will hunt for and determine aliases while not having to feature them to their contacts.[25] Since December 2014, usernames will be organized as direct access (for example wire.me/myuser).[26][27]

Users will migrate from one range to a different. By victimization the choice modification range, all messages and knowledge concerning the user account area unit transferred to a brand new account irreversibly. Contacts that have the previous signaling, and aren't be blocked, can receive the new range mechanically.[26][27]

Auto Account Deletion is enabled for all accounts and set by default for six months. obtainable settings presently allow auto-destruction of a users account for periods between one month and one year. Logging-in to wire a minimum of once among the auto-destruct timeout amount can reset the timer. If activated, all user details, along with chats, teams messages and contacts are going to be deleted.

The application options 2 forms of chats. normal chats use client-server coding and may be accessed from multiple devices. Secret Chats use end-to-end coding and may solely be accessed from the 2 collaborating devices.

Standard messages[edit]

Chats and files will be shared within the cloud and synchronic with alternative devices, with documents, multimedia system and alternative files up to one computer memory unit every.[7][28] Sent and received messages will be viewed, downloaded and deleted.[25] Users will hunt for any word or phrase while not having to open or transfer the oral communication.[29] additionally, the user will send audio notes and geo-zones, share GIFs or animated memes via Giphy,[29] block alternative users and silence user teams and/or solely bound cluster members.[30]

Checks area unit flaunted to indicate with success causation and receipt of messages (Check).[31] One check is displayed once the message is shipped to the cloud. 2 area unit displayed once the recipient has browse the received message. it's conjointly potential to check the standing of the recipient once responding to a message.[9]

Obsfucation of Last Seen Time was introduced with hmanoid Ver. 2.0 and IOS Ver. 2.7.2 and permits users to cover their 'Last Seen' timestamps for specific user(s) and replace them with:

Last seen recently — covers something between one second and 2–3 days

Last seen among per week — between 2-3 and seven days

Last seen among a month — between 6–7 days and a month

Last seen lasting agone — over a month (this is additionally continually shown to blocked users)

If activated, this facility operates on a reciprocal basis wherever the user activating it's conjointly prevented from seeing the 'Last Seen' timestamps of the correspondent to that it's applied.

Users will send a message to multiple contacts right away employing a personal list. Lists will be unbroken for future use.[28] wire conjointly includes the likelihood of forming teams with contacts, for activities between three and two hundred members.[32]

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UC Browser may be a mobile browser developed by UCWeb (also called UC Mobile). Originally launched in Apr 2004 as a J2me-only application, it's currently offered on platforms as well as robot, iOS, Windows Phone, Symbian, Java Maine and Blackberry.[2][3][4][5][6] In 2010, UC Browser introduced its 1st iOS app within the Apple App Store.[2]

With an enormous user base in China, robust adoption in Asian country and continuing growth in rising regional markets, UC Browser reached five hundred million world users in March 2014.[7]
The browser uses cloud acceleration and information compression technology. UC Browser's servers act as a proxy that compresses the information of websites before causing it to users. This method helps load web page quicker. The browser will adapt to totally different network environments and support multi-file format downloading. additionally, UC Browser has HTML5 net app and cloud syncing options.

UC Browser is out there on many smartphone and have phone platforms, however robot represents the most important user-base for the corporate, with three hundred million of its five hundred million total on Google's mobile OS.[8]

UC+: HTML5, WebApp and Add-ons[edit]

In July 2013, UCWeb declared the UC+ Open Platform. The platform consists of a WebApp store, associate degree Add-on Platform associate degreed an Application bookmarker Platform. It went stomach the launch of UC Browser v9.2 for robot.[9]

Developers will use associate degree SDK provided to make programs which will be known as on in several usage situations. Users will transfer them from the browser's add-on panel to urge a a lot of customized web browsing expertise, just like the sharing to SNS, webpage translation, increased reality, voice management, etc.[3] the appliance bookmarker Platform permits partner websites to place up a QR code on UC Browser for users to scan the code and add the webpage to their bookmarks. The UC WebApp Center was one amongst the primary for mobile WebApps in China.[4]

Download management[edit]

The browser supports synchronic transfers and includes a download manager, as well as pages for offline reading. It supports pause-and-resume downloads.[10] The recreate of transfer manager has improved options to resolve issues whereas downloading like associate degree intermittent web association and illegal files.[11] The transfer method can continue even when you utterly shut UC Browser and therefore the transfer method can mechanically resume if the transfer is interrupted for a few reasons, again, beat the background.[12]

Data compression[edit]

Data compression reduces information consumption whereas users square measure browsing. Since 2006, UC Browser has been leverage a lot of compression and rendering work on its server, the same as the operation of a skinny shopper.[13]

Cloud system[edit]

The cloud system employed by the browser distributes information from the nighest servers. As a result, the loading method is faster and sander. A "View it later" mode caches websites with their videos, pictures and text for offline viewing.[14]

Sharing[edit]

UC Browser may be accustomed share to Facebook and Twitter, with the WP version giving a lot of sharing choices. [15]

Platforms[edit]

UCWeb claims that UC Browser is compatible with all thought operative systems, as well as robot, iOS, Windows Phone eight, Blackberry and Symbian.[16]

Android[edit]

Android represents the most important user-base for the browser, with three hundred million of its five hundred million total on Google's mobile OS.[8] There square measure 3 versions of UC Browser offered on Google Play, as well as UC Browser mini for robot,[17] UC Browser for robot,[18] and UC Browser HD for robot.[19]

iOS[edit]

UC Browser for iOS was 1st introduced in 2010. Now, there square measure 2 versions of UC Browsers offered on App Store, that square measure UC Browser+ for iPhone [20] and UC Browser+ HD for iPad

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LINE could be a new and revolutionary communication app that enables users to determine contact with one another, text and necessitate free, does not matter wherever you're

LINE is one in all the few or probably the sole app that has been able to contend with the foremost in style communication tool for mobile phones; it already has seventy five million users and everyone looks to be talking regarding it. what is new? Well, besides the icons and stickers, that ar cute however not very essential, the likelihood of line of work at no cost is one sensible reason to do it out.

The app's practicality is straightforward, it uses your contacts and mechanically adds those with LINE to your list of friends. From that main screen, you'll simply begin a conversation or decision them, further as update your standing with them and share photos and placement. If you felt this wasn't enough, apprehend that the applying is additionally on the market for PCs and tablets, therefore you'll do a similar tasks in your snug keyboard.

And LINE's not solely a mere communication tool, it can even be seen as a Social Network, because of the Timeline feed wherever you'll see what {you're|you ar} friends are up to and comment their standing. NAVER is that the developer of LINE alternative|and several other} other apps and games. a true useful gizmo for act along with your friends and sharing your thoughts, everything within the same place. And yes, the planning is simply clean and minimalist, creating the app very worthy.
Tags: line free decision and text, line, naver line, line naver apk, line free decision, line free calls & messages, line apps, line free calls and messages, line.naver, naver line apk

Description

Enjoy Free Chat!　– a replacement traveler has arrived
With LINE you'll relish exchanging free messages with all of your friends. strive it now!

Features

•
【Quick, Easy, and Fun: Free Messages for Everyone! 】 you'll send emoji, photos, videos and voice messages additionally to usual text!

•
【Connect Smartphone and Desktop】 you'll simply chat victimisation smartphone and desktop, like Windows and macintosh.

•
【Fun Stickers】 in style characters from everywhere the world ar here to entertain you and your friends! Use them in your chats and convey your actual feelings instantly!

•
【Optimized for Windows eight】 LINE's interface has been optimized for the Windows 8 trendy UI. additionally supports the "Snap" read effort

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For Wikipedia's mobile apps, see Help:Mobile access § Applications.
 Apps on Nexus four
A mobile app could be a worm designed to run on smartphones, pill computers and different mobile devices.

Apps ar typically on the market through application distribution platforms, that began showing in 2008 and ar usually operated by the owner of the mobile package, like the Apple App Store, Google Play, Windows Phone Store, and BlackBerry App World. Some apps ar free, whereas others should be bought. Usually, they're downloaded from the platform to a target device, like AN iPhone, BlackBerry, robot phone or Windows Phone, however typically they'll be downloaded to laptops or desktop computers. For apps with a value, usually a share, 20-30%, goes to the distribution supplier (such as iTunes), and also the rest goes to the producer of the app.[1] identical app will so price the common Smartphone user a distinct value betting on whether or not they use iPhone, Android, or BlackBerry ten devices.

The term "app" could be a shortening of the term "application software". it's become extremely popular and in 2010 was listed as "Word of the Year" by the yankee idiom Society.[2] In 2009, technology journalist David Pogue aforementioned that newer smartphones may well be nicknamed "app phones" to differentiate them from earlier less-sophisticated smartphones.[3]

Mobile apps were originally offered for general productivity and data retrieval, as well as email, calendar, contacts, and exchange and weather info. However, public demand and also the availableness of developer tools drove fast growth into different classes, like mobile games, plant automation, GPS and location-based services, banking, order-tracking, price ticket purchases and recently mobile medical apps. The explosion in variety and kind of apps created discovery a challenge, that successively diode to the creation of a good vary of review, recommendation, and curation sources, as well as blogs, magazines, and dedicated on-line app-discovery services. Recently,[when?] government restrictive agencies have launched initiatives to control and rector apps, significantly mobile medical apps.[4]

The popularity of mobile apps has continuing to rise, as their usage has become progressively current across transportable users.[5] A might 2012 comScore study reportable that in the previous quarter, a lot of mobile subscribers used apps than browsed the online on their devices: fifty one.1% vs. 49.8% severally.[6] Researchers found that usage of mobile apps powerfully correlates with user context and depends on user's location and time of the day.[7]

According to research firm Gartner, 102 billion apps are downloaded in 2013 (91% of them are free) however they're going to still generate US$26 billion, up 44.4% on 2012's US$18 billion.[8] AN analyst report estimates that the app economy creates revenues of over €10 billion annually among the ecu Union, whereas over 529,000 jobs are created in twenty eight EU states as a result of the expansion of the app market.[9]

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Description

 Instantly reach the individuals in your life—for free. traveler is simply like texting, however you do not ought to get each message (it works along with your information plan).
 Not only for Facebook friends: Message individuals in your phone book and simply enter a telephone number to feature a brand new contact.

 Group chats: produce teams for the individuals you message most. Name them, set cluster photos and keep all in one place.

 Photos and videos: Shoot videos and snap selfies or different photos right from the app and send them with one faucet.

 Chat heads: Keep the spoken communication going whereas you employ different apps.

 Free calls: speak as long as you would like, even with individuals in different countries. (Calls ar free over Wi-Fi. Otherwise, customary information charges apply.)

 Even a lot of ways that to message:
 Bring your conversations to life with stickers.
 Preview your gallery photos and videos while not departure the conversation--then opt for the right ones to send.
 Record voice messages once you have a lot of to mention

 one Screenshot
 Facebook Manager could be a simple-to-use application that tries to show Facebook notifications within the system receptacle, keeping you up to this point with the newest messages and updates from your friends.

 Once put in, Facebook Manager creates Associate in Nursing icon within the system receptacle space that you just will double-click to look at notifications, messages and friends.

 Before doing therefore, you're needed to log in along with your account credentials. By gap the right-click menu of the icon, you'll move to your Facebook page within the default application with the press of a button. There aren't any different choices accessible through this tool.

 Facebook Manager runs on a really low quantity of processor and RAM, therefore it does not have an effect on overall performance. Since it sits within the system receptacle space, it does not interrupt traditional user activity.

 However, the app has not been updated for a protracted time, and it looks to own some stability problems on newer operational systems (several errors popped up out of the blue in our tests). what is more, it's did not alert United States of America of latest messages through visual or audible  notifications. Facebook Manager wants plenty of enhancements before changing into a reliable Facebook notifier.